lpgpfu rhkp Ap¡ihpm oprs_p¡ ApqäL$pdp„ âcph

Åd_Nf_u ApSy>bpSy> Aph¡gp bph_ NpdX$p„Ap¡_p¡ kd|l lpgpf âv¡$i sfuL¡$ Ap¡mMpe R>¡. Ap bph_ NpdX$p„Ap¡dp„ hksu lpgpfu rhkp Ap¡khpm oprs ApS>¡ vy$r_ep_p kps M„X$p¡dp„ `\fpC NC R>¡. lpgpf âv¡$idp„ Ap oprs_u hkrs ApS>¡ b¡ lÅf Apk`pk S> R>¡, Äepf¡ rhðcfdp„ A¡L$ gpM S>¡V$gu k„¿ep R>¡. dy„bC il¡fdp„ S> 40,000 lpgpfu rhkp Ap¡khpmp¡ hk¡ R>¡. _pBfp¡bu A_¡ dp¡çbpkpdp„ s¥epf \e¡gp„ cìe S>¥_ d„qv$fp¡ `pR>m Ap oprs_u ^d®cph_p A_¡ `yfyjp\® X$p¡qL$ep„ L$f¡ R>¡. rhð_p A_¡L$ v¡$ip¡dp„ ipMp ^fphsy„ Q„v¡$qfep DÛp¡N S|>\ A_¡ A¡_pX£ apDÞX¡$i_ `Z Ap S> oprs_u v¡$_ R>¡. rch„X$u_p¡ `phfg|d DÛp¡N `Z Ap oprs_p lp\dp„ R>¡.

lpgpfu rhkp Ap¡khpm S>¥_p¡_p¡ Brslpk S>¥_p¡_p 24dp su\¯L$f dlphuf õhpdu_p kde\u iê$ \pe R>¡. 2500 hj® `l¡gp„ dlphuf õhpdu_p D`v¡$i\u DÑf cpfs_p `pV$gu`yÓ A_¡ fpS>N©l_Nfu_u Apk`pk hksp nrÓep¡A¡ S>¥_ ^d® A„NuL$pf L$ep£. \p¡X$p„ hjp£ `R>u fpÄekÑpAp¡dp„ `qfhs®_ Aphsp„ Ap S>¥_p¡ fpS>õ\p_ sfa õ\mp„sf L$fhp gpÁep. fpS>õ\p__p S>¡kgd¡f `pk¡ Ap¡riepÆ Npd¡ S>¥_ su\®_u õ\p`_p L$fu. Ap¡riepÆ Npd_p S>¥_p¡ lp¡hp\u s¡Ap¡ Ap¡ihpm S>¥_p¡ sfuL¡$ ÅZusp bÞep. Ap¡ihpm S>¥_ sfuL¡$ ÅZusp \hp_y„ buSy>„ L$pfZ A¡ lsy„ L¡$ S>¥_ ^d®\u âcprhs \C_¡ fpS>õ\p__p d|m `p¡fhpX$ gp¡L$p¡A¡ `Z S>¥_ ^d® A„NuL$pf L$ep£. Apd Ap `p¡fhpX$ S>¥_p¡\u `p¡sp_¡ AgN\u Ap¡mMphp s¡Ap¡ Ap¡ihpm S>¥_p¡ sfuL¡$ Ap¡mMpep. fpS>õ\p_dp„ `Z kÑp`gV$p¡ \sp„ A_¡ AÐepQpfp¡ h^sp„ C.k. 450dp„ L¡$V$gpL$ Ap¡ihpmp¡ `„Åb Nep, `Z dy¿eÐh¡ s¡Ap¡ tk^dp„ S>C_¡ hõep. Ðep„_p fpÅAp¡ kp\¡ ìep`pf A_¡ hluhV$u Ly$_¡l_¡ L$pfZ¡ k„b„^p¡ rhL$kpìep.

C.k. 712dp„ tk^ D`f Apfbp¡_y„ Ap¾$dZ \ey„. tk^dp„ Bõgpd ^d®_u õ\p`_p \sp„ A_¡ dy[õgd fpÄe Aphsp„ Ap¡ihpm S>¥_p¡ kpd¡ Msfp¡ Ecp¡ \ep¡. Bõgpdu fpÄekÑpdp„ A¡L$ sfa Æh S>hp_p¡ ce A_¡ buÆ sfa S>¥_ ^d®_p rkÙp„sp¡ rhfyÙ L$pd L$fhp_u afS> `pX$hpdp„ Aphsu lp¡hp\u ^d®_u kyfnp dpV¡$ afu Ap¡ihpm S>¥_p¡A¡ õ\mp„sf L$ey¯. lh¡ s¡Ap¡ tk^_u _ÆL$_p hpNX$ âv¡$i A_¡ `R>u L$ÃR>dp„ hkhpV$ L$fhp gpÁep. L$ÃR>_p¡ dy¿e ìehkpe M¡su A_¡ ìep`pf kp\¡ fpÄeL$pfcpf_p¡ lsp¡. Ðep„ fpÄe MV$`V$, gX$pC, TOX$p hN¡f¡\u v$kp A_¡ rhkp A¡d b¡ cpN `X$ép.

L$ÃR>dp„ lhpdp_ s¡d S> fpS>L$ue ârsL|$mspAp¡_p¡ 800-900 hj® ky^u kss kpd_p¡ L$ep® bpv$ L¡$V$gpL$ cpCAp¡ lpgpf âv¡$i sfa Nep. L$ÃR>_p fpS>hu Åd fph¡ kp¥fpô²$_p Åd_Nf Apk`pk_p âv¡$i `f rhS>e d¡mhsp„ fpS>hu Åd fphm `f\u _Nf_y„ _pd Åd_Nf `X$éy„ A_¡ Apk`pk_p¡ âv¡$i s¡d_p `|h®S> lpgpÆ_p _pd `f\u lpgpf âv¡$i L$l¡hpep¡. rhkp Ap¡ihpm S>¥_p¡ C.k. 1655 Apk`pk L$ÃR>\u Åd_Nf A_¡ lpgpf âv¡$i_p„ bph_ Npdp¡dp„ Aphu_¡ hõep. lpgpf âv¡$idp„ fl¡sp lp¡hp\u s¡d_u Ap¡mMpZdp„ lpgpfu iåv$_p¡ Dd¡fp¡ \ep¡. lh¡ s¡Ap¡ lpgpfu rhkp Ap¡ihpm S>¥_p¡ sfuL¡$ Ap¡mMphp gpÁep.

Ap oprsA¡ `p¡sp_u `|fu Ap¡mM d¡mhu gu^u lp¡hp R>sp„ s¡d_y„ õ\mp„sf AV$¼ey„ _l]. kde A_¡ k„Å¡Np¡ kss s¡d_¡ buS>¡ ^L¡$gsp füp. 100 hj® `l¡gp„ `X¡$gp R>à`r_ep vy$L$pm¡ s¡d_¡ afu lpgpf R>p¡X$hp dpV¡$ dS>b|f L$ep®. lpgpfuAp¡_p¡ dy¿e ^„^p¡ `iy`pg__p¡ lsp¡. vy$L$pm_p L$pfZ¡ `iy^_ M|V$u S>sp„ s¡dZ¡ hs_ R>p¡X$u_¡ `fv¡$i_u hpV$ `L$X$u. Ap hMs¡ s¡Ap¡ _ÆL$_p âv¡$i_¡ bv$g¡ ku^p `|h® ApqäL$p `lp¢Qu Nep.

ApqäL$pdp„ lpgpfu rhkp Ap¡ihpm oprs_p ApNd__¡ V|„$L$ kdedp„ 100 hj® `|fp„ \i¡. C.k. 1902dp„ â\d lpgpfu Ly$Vy„$b v$qfepC dpN£ ApqäL$p `lp¢Qu dp¡çbpkpdp„ õ\peu \ey„. C.k. 1907dp„ lpgpf\u buÅ„ L¡$V$gp„L$ `qfhpfp¡ lpgpf\u _pBfp¡bu `lp¢Ãep„. lpgpfuAp¡ dy„bCdp„ Aphu_¡ hõep s¡_p„ `p„Q hj® ANpD s¡dZ¡ dp¡çbpkpdp„ hkhpV$ iê$ L$fu v$u^p¡ lsp¡. ApS>\u 85 hj® ANpD dp¡çbpkpdp„ Mpk lpgpfuAp¡_¡ Esfhp dpV¡$ Ap¡ihpm ^d®ipmp s¥epf \C NC lsu. C.k. 1928dp„ lpgpfu rhkp Ap¡ihpmp¡_u â\d dlpS>_ hpX$u_u _pBfp¡budp„ õ\p`_p \C lsu. ApS>¡ ApqäL$p_p q\½$p, qL$V$pg¡, dp¡ku, _Ly$ê$ hN¡f¡ il¡fp¡dp„ lpgpfu rhkp Ap¡ihpmp¡_u hkrs R>¡ A_¡ Ðep„_p ^„^p-DÛp¡Np¡ D`f s¡d_y„ cpf¡ hQ®õh R>¡.

ApqäL$pdp„ hksp lpgpfu rhkp Ap¡ihpm oprs_p rinZ dpV¡$ 1941dp„ Ap¡ihpm A¡ÄeyL¡$i_ A¡ÞX$ qfqga bp¡X®$_u õ\p`_p L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu. Ap k„õ\p_y„ 59dy„ Ar^h¡i_ spS>¡sfdp„ dp¡çbpkp Mps¡ dýey„ lsy„. Ap k„õ\p sfa\u _pBfp¡budp„ Qpgsu Ap¡ihpm L$p¡g¡S>dp„ 700 rhÛp\}Ap¡ cZ¡ R>¡. _pBfp¡budp„ Aph¡gu S>¥_ âpBdfu õL|$gdp„ Ly$g 712 rhÛp\}Ap¡ cZ¡ R>¡, S>¡dp„_p 533 lpgpfu rhkp Ap¡ihpm R>¡. _pBfp¡budp„ S> Aph¡gu Ap¡ihpm k¡L$ÞX$fu õL|$gdp„ Ly$g 734 rhÛp\}Ap¡ Aæepk L$f¡ R>¡. _pBfp¡budp„ Ap¡ihpm oprs_p R>p¡L$fpAp¡ s¡d S> R>p¡L$fuAp¡ dpV¡$ b¡ AgN AgN lp¡õV¡$gp¡ `Z Aph¡gu R>¡. dp¡çbpkpdp„ Aph¡gu Ap¡ihpm A¡L¡$X¡$dudp„ Ly$g 418 rhÛp\}Ap¡ A_¡ DÃQ dpÝerdL$ ipmpdp„ Ly$g 327 rhÛp\}Ap¡ Aæepk L$f¡ R>¡.

S>¡ lpgpfu rhkp Ap¡ihpmp¡ ApqäL$pdp„ õ\peu \ep R>¡ s¡Ap¡ dps©cpjp NyS>fpsu A_¡ S>¥_ ^d®_p dlÒh_¡ bfpbf kdS>¡ R>¡. Ap¡ihpmp¡_u b^u S> ipmpAp¡dp„ NyS>fpsu A¡L$ afrS>eps rhje R>¡ A_¡ v$f¡L$ Ap¡ihpm bpmL$ `p¡sp_u dps©cpjpdp„ gMu-hp„Qu iL$sy„ lp¡e R>¡.

Ap¡ihpm A¡ÄeyL¡$i_ A¡ÞX$ qfqga bp¡X®$ sfa\u i¥nrZL$ âh©rÑAp¡_p rhõsfZ dpV¡$ spS>¡sfdp„ rdg¡r_ed a„X$ iê$ L$fhpdp„ Apìey„ R>¡. Ap dpV¡$ M¡siu ^fdiu ipl¡ A_¡ dp¡l_gpg ^fdiu ipl¡ A¡L$-A¡L$ L$fp¡X$ ritgN_u kMphsp¡ Ål¡f L$fu R>¡. _pBfp¡bu_u lp¡õV¡$g_p c|s`|h® rhÛp\}Ap¡A¡ `Z Ap a„X$dp„ 50 gpM ritgN Apàep R>¡. ApqäL$p_u Ap k„õ\p_u klpe\u dy„bC _ÆL$ rch„X$u Mps¡ `Z A¡L$ ipmp_u õ\p`_p L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡. ApqäL$p_u kfL$pf D`f `Z Ap¡ihpmp¡ kpfu A¡hu hN ^fph¡ R>¡.

TOX$p¡ ê$Mu A_¡ c„Nu iåv$p¡_p¡

dlpfpô²$ kfL$pf_p kdpS> L$ëepZ Mpsp sfa\u `R>ps ÅrsAp¡_¡ S>¡ âdpZ`Óp¡ Ap`hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡ s¡dp„ bpfdu L$p¡gddp„ Ly$g AqNepf ÅrsAp¡_p¡ kdph¡i L$fhpdp„ Apìep¡ R>¡. Ap ArNepf ÅrsAp¡dp„ Y¡$X$, c„Nu, ê$Mu, hpëduqL$, Ap¡gNpZp, dl¡sf, dgL$pZp, lgpgMp¡f, gpgb¡Nu, L$p¡fpf, TpX$dgu hN¡f¡_p¡ kdph¡i \pe R>¡. Aõ`©íesp r_hpfZ_p L$pev$p dyS>b L$p¡C ìe[¼s A\hp kdpS>_¡ c„Nu sfuL¡$ k„bp¡r^s L$f_pf Ny_¡Npf b_¡ R>¡ A_¡ s¡_¡ ap¡S>v$pfu L$pe®hplu_p¡ kpd_p¡ `Z L$fhp¡ `X¡$ R>¡, `Z dlpfpô²$ kfL$pf ApS>¡ `Z "c„Nu' _pd kp\¡_p„ âdpZ`Ó Ap`¡ R>¡. Ap iåv$ bv$gu_¡ ê$Mu L$fphhp dpV¡$ dy„bCdp„ fl¡sp b¡ gpM Qfp¡sf ê$MuAp¡ gX$s Qgphu füp R>¡, `Z lÆ s¡d_¡ A`¡rns kamsp dmu _\u.

dy„bCdp„ Apif¡ v$p¡Y$kp¡ hj® ANpD Qfp¡sf_p ê$MuAp¡ Apìep A_¡ kapCL$pe® L$fhp gpÁep. A¡ kde¡ Ap `R>ps Års `pk¡ `p¡sp_¡ fl¡hp_p„ Ofp¡ `Z _lp¡sp„ A¡V$g¡ s¡Ap¡ dL$p__u kuX$u _uQ¡ _p_L$X$u Mp¡gu b_phu s¡dp„ `X$ép fl¡sp. ^ud¡ ^ud¡ dy„bC ky^fpCdp„ s¡d_¡ _p¡L$fu dmhp gpNu A_¡ fl¡hp dpV¡$ õV$pa ¼hpV®$k® `Z dmhp gpÁep„. dy„bCdp„ v$pv$f_p Np¥sd _Nf Mps¡ Qfp¡sf ê$MuAp¡_u kp¥\u dp¡V$u L$p¡gp¡_u R>¡, S>¡dp„ NyS>fpsu ê$Mu kdpS>_p v$k lÅf gp¡L$p¡ fl¡ R>¡. ê$Mu kdpS>_p gp¡L$p¡ dy„bCdp„ Apìep Ðepf¡ ipmpdp„ oprs sfuL¡$ c„Nu iåv$ gMphhp gpÁep A¡V$g¡ c„Nu iåv$ kfL$pfu Qp¡`X¡$ QX$u Nep¡. ApS>¡ `p¡sp_p kdpS>_¡ c„Nu sfuL$¡ Ap¡mMphhp¡ L¡$ ê$Mu sfuL¡$ s¡ bpbs¡ kdpS>dp„ S> dsc¡v$p¡ R>¡. Ap `fõ`f rhfp¡^u hgZ_¡ L$pfZ¡ dlpfpô²$ kfL$pf dyíL¡$gudp„ `X$u NC R>¡.

Qfp¡sf ê$Mu kdpS>_p¡ A¡L$ hN® dp_¡ R>¡ L¡$ c„Nu iåv$ `fp`|h®\u Qpëep¡ Aph¡ R>¡, dpV¡$ Ap`Z¡ c„Nu sfuL¡$ Ap¡mMphpdp„ L$p¡C _p_d _ dp_hu Å¡CA¡, bgL¡$ Np¥fh A_ychhy„ Å¡CA¡. Ap hN® L$l¡ R>¡ L¡$ c„Nu iåv$ cN D`f\u Esfu Apìep¡ R>¡, S>¡_p¡ A\® ÷u_u ep¡r_ A¡hp¡ \pe R>¡. Ap hN® _p_L$X$p¡ `Z bp¡gL$p¡ R>¡. s¡dZ¡ dlpfpô²$ kfL$pf kdn rhfp¡^ âv$ri®s L$ep£ R>¡ L¡$ Adpf¡ c„Nu sfuL¡$ S> Ap¡mMphy„ R>¡. buÆ bpSy> dy„bCdp„ fl¡sp b¡ gpM ê$Mu NyS>fpsuAp¡_u dÝeõ\ k„õ\p Qfp¡sf ê$Mu kdpS> dlp`„Qpes dp_¡ R>¡ L¡$ Ap iåv$ rsfõL$pfk|QL$ lp¡hp\u Ap`Z¡ s¡_p¡ ÐepN L$fhp¡ Å¡CA¡.b¡ drl_p ANpD Qfp¡sf ê$Mu kdpS>_p AN°ZuAp¡ L¡$ÞÖ_p„ kpdprS>L$ Þepe Mpsp_p„ â^p_ d¡_L$p Np„^u_¡ dþep„ lsp„ A_¡ fS|>Aps L$fu lsu L¡$ Adpfp¡ kdpS> ê$Mu sfuL¡$ S> Ap¡mMphp¡ Å¡CA¡.

L¡$ÞÖ_p„ â^p_ d¡_L$p Np„^uA¡ sfs S> dlpfpô²$ kfL$pf D`f `qf`Ó L$pY¹$ep¡ lsp¡ L¡$ ê$Mu kdpS>_p S>¡ cpCAp¡ `R>ps Års_p âdpZ`Ódp„ `p¡sp_¡ c„Nu sfuL¡$ Ap¡mMphp _ dpNsp lp¡e s¡d_¡ "ê$Mu' sfuL¡$ âdpZ`Ó Ap`hy„. Ap `qf`Ó dþep_¡ b¡ drl_p \ep R>sp„ dlpfpô²$ kfL$pf¡ s¡_p¡ Adg L$ep£ _\u. ApS>¡ `Z õL|$g rgthN kqV®$qaL¡$V$dp„ Å¡ c„Nu iåv$ lp¡e sp¡ kfL$pfu kqV®$qaL¡$V$dp„ `Z s¡ dyS>b S> gMhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. Qfp¡sf ê$Mu kdpS> dlp`„Qpes_p d„Óu dl¡i A¡g. fpS>`|s L$l¡ R>¡ L¡$, ""Adpfp A_¡L$ hX$ugp¡ 100 hj® ANpD `Z ipmp_p frS>õV$fdp„ ê$Mu iåv$ gMphsp lsp s¡_p `Z Adpfu `pk¡ `yfphp R>¡. Adpfu qX$dpÞX$ A¡V$gu S> R>¡ L¡$ S>¡Ap¡ ê$Mu sfuL¡$ âdpZ`Ó d¡mhhp dpNsp lp¡e s¡d_¡ s¡d L$fhp_u R|>V$ Ap`hu Å¡CA¡.'' ê$Mu kdpS> dpV¡$ A¡L$ iåv$_u Ap gX$pC M|b dlÒh ^fph¡ R>¡.

k„S>e hp¡fprgrMs L¡$d R>p¡? rhcpN_p AÞe g¡Mp¡ hp„Qhp dpV¡$ Al] [¼gL$ L$fp¡

Ap g¡M Ap`_¡ L¡$hp¡ gpÁep¡?